softskill bahasa inggris bisnis 2

kelompok 4

kelas 4EA20:

agung kurniawan (10212360)

hari riyanto (13212314)

panggi eko prasetiyo (15212636)

sandy tyas pratama (16212819)

pengertian Question Tag

Question tag adalah pertanyaan pendek yang ditambahkan di akhir pernyataan (declarative sentence) untuk menanyakan informasi atau meminta persetujuan.

Seperti idiom (ungkapan bahasa Inggris), question tag merupakan bagian yang sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari seorang native speaker. Walaupun grammar, pronounciation, dan intonation-nya baik, seseorang dapat mudah dikenali bukan sebagai native speaker jika tidak menggunakan question tag.

Rumus Question tag

linking verb “be”/auxiliary verb +/- not + pronoun

Keterangan:

• linking verb “be” yaitu: is, am, are, was, were, sedangkan auxiliary verb berupa primary auxiliary verb (be, do, have) atau modal auxiliary verb (will, would, may, may, might, can, could, shall, should) yang cocok dengan verb pada bagian pernyataan.

• Pronoun disesuaikan dengan subject pada bagian pernyataan.

Contoh Question Tag:

• You love math, don’t you? (Kamu suka matematika kan?)

• You don’t love math, do you? (Kamu tidak suka matematika kan?)

Pembentukan Question Tag

Berdasarkan general rule (aturan umum) positive question tag dapat mengikuti negative sentence (kalimat negatif). Begitu pula sebaliknya,  negative question tag dapat mengikuti positive sentence (kalimat positif).

Question tag terdiri dari main verb (jika berupa linking verb “be”), dummy auxiliary verb “do/does/did” (jika main verb bukan berupa linking verb) atau auxiliary verb yang pertama (jika terdiri dari main verb dan satu atau lebih auxiliary) +/- not + subjek (pronoun) yang disesuaikan dengan kalimat utama.

negative sentence, positive question tag	negative sentence, positive question tag
Ahmad didn’t come late, did he? (Ahmad tidak datang terlambat kan?)	Ahmad came late, didn’t he? (Ahmad datang terlambat kan?)
The man isn’t stingy, is he? (Pria tsb tidak pelit kan?)	The man is stingy, isn’t he? (Pria tsb pelit kan?)
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? (Kamu belum menyelesaikan PR-mu kan?)	You have finished your homework, haven’t you? (Kamu telah menyelesaikan PR-mu kan?)
They won’t attend the seminar, will they? (Mereka tidak akan menghadiri seminar kan?)	They will attend the seminar, won’t they? (Mereka akan menghadiri seminar kan?)

Intonasi pada Question Tag

Tujuan dari penggunaan question tag adalah untuk menanyakan informasi atau meminta persetujuan. Ketika menggunakannya untuk menanyakan informasi, posisi speaker tidak tahu apakah informasi tersebut benar atau salah. Pada kondisi tersebut, question tag diberi penekanan dengan intonasi naik (rising intonation).

Adapun ketika question tag digunakan untuk meminta persetujuan, speaker yakin bahwa informasi yang diketahui benar, namun mengharapkan jawaban yang mendukung keyakinannya. Pada situasi itu question tag dilafalkan tanpa penekanan dengan intonasi turun (falling intonation).

Contoh Kalimat Question Tag:

You didn’t drink alcohol, did you? (Kamu tidak minum alkohol kan?)

• Jika speaker tidak tahu apakah lawan bicaranya minum alkohol dan dia ingin tahu jawabannya, question tag diberi penekanan dengan intonasi naik.

• Jika speaker hanya ingin tahu bahwa lawan bicaranya tidak minum alkohol dan hanya mengharapkan penegasan, question tag diucapkan tanpa penekanan dengan intonasi turun.

1. Jika kalimatnya positif, maka question tag-nya negatif.

Contoh:

You are beautiful, aren’t you? [Kamu cantik, kan?]

She is serious, isn’t she? [Dia serius, bukan?]

Catatan:  Jika question tag-nya negatif, maka not harus disingkat (misal aren’t you? bukan are not you?).

2. Jika kalimatnya negatif, maka question tag-nya positif.

Contoh:

You are not beautiful, are you? [Kamu tidak cantik, kan?]

She is not serious, is she? [Dia tidak serius, bukan?]

3. Jika subjeknya I am, maka question tag-nya aren’t I. Namun, bila subjeknya I am not, maka question tag-nya am I.

Contoh:

I am smart, aren’t I? [Saya pintar, kan?]

I am not guilty, am I? [Saya tidak bersalah, kan?]

4.  Jika kalimatnya menggunakan kata kerja (verb), maka gunakan do/does untuk Verb 1 dan did untuk Verb 2 dalam membuat question tag-nya.

Contoh:

You stay in Bandung, don’t you? [Anda tinggal di Bandung, kan?]

Hendra writes an aricle, doesn’t he? [Hendra menulis sebuah artikel, kan?]

She played tennis, didn’t she? [Dia bermain tennis, kan?]

5. Jika kalimatnya menggunakan modals, maka gunakan modals untuk question tag-nya. Khusus untuk modals have to, gunakan kata bantu do untuk question tag-nya.

Contoh:

Sumanto can’t play piano, can he? [Sumanto tidak bisa bermain piano, kan?]

Ayu will be here, won’t she? [Ayu akan ke sini, kan?]

They have to go to school, don’t they? [Mereka harus pergi ke sekolah, kan?]

6.  Jika kalimatnya mengandung sebuah kata dengan arti negatif, seperti nobody, no one, seldom, nothing, hardly, barely, rarely, maka gunakan question tag positif.

Contoh:

No one cares of me, do they? [Tak ada seorang pun yang peduli pada saya, kan?]

She never seems to care, does she? [Dia tak pernah nampak peduli, kan?]

Rudi seldom does his homework, does he? [ Rudi jarang mengerjakan PR-nya, kan?]

Nobody lived in this house, did they? [ Tidak ada seorang pun yang tinggal di rumah ini, kan?]

7. Jika subjeknya everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one dan nobody, maka gunakan they dalam question tag.

Contoh:

Somebody played the guitar last night, didn’t they? [Seseorang bermain gitar tadi malam, kan?]

Everybody watched the movie, didn’t they? [Setiap orang menonton film itu, kan?]

8.  Jika subjeknya everything, something, dan nothing, maka gunakan it dalam question tag.

Contoh:

Everything should be ready, shouldn’t it? [Semua seharusnya sudah siap, kan?]

Something is moving, isn’t it? [Sesuatu bergerak, kan?]

9. Jika kalimatnya berupa perintah atau larangan, gunakan will you untuk question tag-nya.

Contoh:

Close the door, will you? [Tutup pintu, ya?]

Don’t be lazy, will you? [Jangan malas, ya?]

Don’t make me upset, will you? [Jangan membuat saya bingung, ya?]

10. Jika kalimatnya dimulai dengan let’s, maka question tag-nya adalah shall we.

Contoh:

Let’s wash the car, shall we? [Mencuci mobil, yuk?]

Let’s go to the beach, shall we? [Pergi ke pantai, yuk?]

Let’s forget it, shall we? [Lupakan itu, yuk?]

softskill bahasa inggris bisnis 2

Pronoun

Pronoun atau kata ganti adalah kata yang dapat menggantikan suatu kata benda atau frasa kata benda. Kata ganti berfungsi menghindari pengulangan kata benda atau frasa kata benda yang sama yang telah disebut sebelumnya.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, pronoun terdiri dari delapan  jenis, yaitu:

1.     Personal Pronoun (kata ganti orang)

Personal pronoun adalah kata ganti yang menunjukkan pada orang atau penamaan. Kata ganti orang ini digunakan sebagai subjek dan objek. Tabel di bawah ini menyenaraikan penggunaan tersebut.

Subjek	Objek	Arti
I You She He It We They	Me You Her Him It Us Them	Saya, aku Kamu, Anda, kalian Dia (perempuan) Dia (laki-laki) Dia, itu, -nya Kita, kami Mereka

  Contoh kalimatnya:

§  Three days ago I met Ariel. Yesterday I met him again. [Tiga hari yang lalu saya bertemu Ariel. Kemarin saya bertemu dia lagi.]

§  My sister bought a new handphone. She loves it very much. [Saudara perempuan saya membeli sebuah handphone baru. Dia sangat menyukainya.]

§  Sule borrowed three books from the library. He must return them in two days. [Sule meminjam tiga buku dari perpustakaan. Dia harus mengembalikannya dalam dua hari.]

2.     Possessive Pronoun (kata ganti milik)

Possessive pronoun adalah kata yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Ada dua bentuk possessive pronoun yaitu dependent (ditempatkan sebelum suatu kata benda) dan independent (ditempatkan setelah suatu kata kerja). Untuk lebih jelasnya, silakan Anda lihat tabel di bawah ini.

Dependent	Independent
My Your His Her Its Our Their	Mine Your His Hers Its Ours Theirs

Contohnya:

§  This is my book. The book is mine. [Ini buku saya. Buku ini punya saya]

§  This house is theirs. [Rumah ini milik mereka.]

§  This is your pencil and those are hers. [Ini pensilmu dan itu punya dia.]

3.     Reflexive Pronoun

Reflexive pronoun adalah kata ganti yang menunjuk kegiatan untuk pelaku sendiri dalam kalimat bersangkutan, atau memberi penekanan pada unsur subjek atau objek. Kata ganti ini mendapat akhiran –self untuk bentuk tunggal, dan akhiran –selves untuk bentuk jamak.

Perhatikan tabel di bawah ini.

Reflexive Pronoun	Arti
Myself Yourself/yourselves Themselves Ourselves Himself Herself Itself	Saya sendiri Kamu sendiri/kalian sendiri Mereka sendiri Kami sendiri Dia sendiri (laki-laki) Dia sendiri (perempuan) Dia sendiri (benda atau binatang)

Contoh kalimatnya:

§  She laughed at herself. [Dia menertawakan dirinya sendiri.]

§  He himself drives to school. [Dia sendiri yang menyetir ke sekolah.]

§  I myself open the door. [Saya sendiri yang membuka pintu itu.]

§  My father cooked this meal himself. [Ayah saya memasak makanannya sendiri.]

4.      Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun merupakan kata ganti penunjuk berdasarkan kedekatan: dekat (this dan these) dan jauh (that dan those). Contoh kalimatnya sebagai berikut:

§  This is my mother, these are my sisters. [Ini ibu saya, ini adik-adik saya.]

§  That book is yours, those are mine. [Buku itu punyamu, itu punyaku.]

5.     Relative Pronoun

Relative pronoun adalah kata-kata yang merangkai suatu kata benda atau frasa kata benda dengan klausa penjelasnya, seperti who, whom, whose, which, dan that.

Contoh kalimatnya:

§  I don’t like people who lose temper easily. [Saya tidak senang pada orang yang mudah naik pitam.]

§  Meong that I always feed everyday is my cat. [Meong yang saya beri makan setiap hari adalah kucing saya.]

§  This is Tukul whose brother you met last week. [Ini tukul yang kakaknya kamu temui minggu lalu.]

6.     Interrogative Pronoun

Interrogative pronoun adalah kata-kata yang mempertanyakan orang atau benda. Ini antara lain: who, whom (siapa), whose (punya siapa), why (mengapa), which (yang mana), dan what (apa).

Contoh kalimatnya:

§  Who did you call? [Siapa yang kamu panggil?]

§  What did you order? [Apa yang kamu pesan?]

§  Why did you sell your cara? [Mengapa kamu jual mobilmu?]

7.     Indefinite Pronoun

adalah sebuah pronoun(kata ganti) yang digunakan untuk menggantikan unspesific noun (kata benda yang tidak spesifik). Indefinite pronoun dapat dikategorikan menjadi 3 jenis apakah indefinite itu menggantikan noun singular, plural, dan both(keduanya singular/plural).

Singular Indefinite Pronoun : Another, Anybody, Anyone, Anything, Each, Either, Enough, Everybody, Everyone, LittleMuch, Neither, Nobody, No-one, Nothing, OneOther, Somebody, Someone, Something

Plural Indefinite Pronoun : Both, Few, Fewer, Many Others, Several

Singular/Plural Indefinite Pronoun : All, Any, More, Most, None, Some Such

Contoh kalimatnya:

§  Nobody cares about him.

Tak seorangpun peduli dengan dia.

§  Can anyone tell me what is happened?

Bisakah siapapun menceritakan padaku apa yang terjadi?

8.     Reciprocal Pronoun

Reciprocal Pronoun adalah pronoun (kata ganti) yang digunakan pada kondisi ketika dua atau lebih subjek melakukan aksi yang sama terhadap satu sama lain. Pronoun ini terdiri dari: each other dan one another.

Contoh kalimatnya:

§  They congratulated each other.

(Mereka menyelamati satu sama lain.)

§  The five mountaineers helped one another during the storm.

(Lima pendaki gunung menolong satu sama lain selama badai itu.)

§  Lien and Chammad love each other.

(Lien dan Chammad mencintai satu sama lain.)

§  The debate groups gave feedbacks to one another.

(Kelompok-kelompok debat memberikan umpan balik ke satu sama lain.)

narrative tenses

Narrative tenses are the tenses that we use to talk about past eventsand to tell stories.

The most common of these is the past simple. Three other tenses, past continuous, the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous can help us to say what we want more effeciently. However, it should be remembered that almost any story can be told using the past simple.

It is often useful to look at these tenses together within the context of the function narrating, i.e. relating past events.

Past simple tense
Form: the simple past form of the verb. E.g. “We met on holiday, we talked about art and music, we fell in love, I asked her to marry me and when she said yes I kissed her passionately on the lips.”
Use: To explain the main events of the story in sequence. We use ‘then’, ‘after that’, ‘first’ and ‘finally’ to link them up. E.g. “First I finished work, then I went to the pub, after that I had a few pints, then I sat down by the river and then I fell asleep, after that the moon moved, and then I woke up and then an owl hooted and after that I heard a splash and then a monster tried to grab my leg and after that the Doctor rescued me and then he disappeared, and finally I went home.
We can also use conjunctions to link up clauses with past simple verb forms. ‘When’ is probably the most common. E.g. “When I woke up, and owl hooted.” Or “An owl hooted when I woke up”.

Past continuous
Form: was/were + -ing E.g. “We were talking about my Swiss bank account when suddenly she pulled me close and kissed me again.”
Use: To describe longer or repeated actions. It’s often used to describe the general situation at the beginning of a story. E.g. “I was walking home when something strange happened.”
Also, we use it to sequence events when it is combined with the past simple. Past continuous is the long or repeated action which is interrupted by a short, quick past simple action. E.g. “The green hand was moving towards me when suddenly there was a blue flash and a man jumped onto the stairs next to me”.
We use ‘when’ or ‘while’ to link the actions in a sentence. E.g. “When I woke up, the wind was blowing. The wind was blowing when I woke up. While I was walking, something happened. Something happened while I was walking.”

Past Perfect
Form: had + past participle E.g. “When I arrived at the airport I realised that she had stolen my wallet and passport”.
Use: To express that an action happened before the main events of the story. E.g. “When I woke up, the moon had moved” [the moon moved, then I woke up], which is different to “The moon moved when I woke up” [I woke up, then the moon moved].
Sometimes it is used a bit like present perfect, but when everything is in the past. E.g. “I’ve never heard of moon goblins before” But for yesterday it would be “I had never heard of moon goblins.”

NAMA:PANGGI EKO PRASETIYO

NPM: 15212636

KELAS : 4EA20

softskill bahasa inggris bisnis 2

Choose one which is wrong from the four choices

1.        She has finish working in the laboratories, and now she began to write the result of her experiment.

                         A        B                                                             C          D

Jawaban : A karena kata yang digunakan adalah present perfect  diganti menjadi has finished

2.        No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.

A                                             B           C                                   D

Jawaban : B kata yang digunakan seharusnya  had told karena if clause type 3

3.        If Rudy would have studied German in college, he would have not found the scientific terminology

   A                                               B                                                  C

so  difficlut to undertand.

                 D

Jawaban : A karena seharusnya would had studied

4.        Our Spanish professor would like us spending more time in the laboratory practicing our pronunciation.

                A   B                                  C                D

Jawaban : B karena would like kata kerja yg harus diikuti to infinitive bukan gerund, to spend

5.        Marry usually arrives at the office at nine o’clock, but because the strom, she was two hours late.

A                B                                                        C                                    D

Jawaban : C Karena seharusnya because of mengunakan phrase

6.        The director felt badly about not giving Mary the position that she has sought with his company.

          A                          B                                  C                D

Jawaban :  A Kata yang benar adalah bad, bukan badly

7.        The president went fishing after he has finished with the conference.

A                    B                 C                       D

Jawaban : D seharusnya had finished , past perfect

8.        Where do you live now? I live in Utah, my parents also do.

     A                                    B                 C                   D

Jawaban : D Karena seharusnya my parents to do too

9.        After she had bought himself and automobile, she sholder bicycle.

  A            B                                      C          D

Jawaban : B seharusnya her self menyamakan pronoun

10.    The next important question we have to decide is when we have to submitting the proposal.

A                                 B                                       C              D

Jawaban : D seharusnya submit karena to infinity

11.    George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Maria hasn’t either.

                       A                                  B             C                       D

Jawaban : Tidak ada yang salah

12.    After George had returned to his house, he was reading a book.

          A                         B           C       D

Jawaban : D Karena seharusnya he was read book

13.    The manager has finished working on the report last night, and now she will begin to write the other

          A                       B             C                                                          D

proposal.

Jawaban : B seharusnya fineshed karena simple past tense

14.    After take the medication, the patient became drowsy and more manageable.

                     A               B                                        C                             D

Jawaban : A take harus dirubah menjadi gerund yaitu taking

15.    Because Sam and Jack had done all the work theirselves, they were unwilling to give the result to Joana.

      A                            B                                         C                                              D

Jawaban : B Kata yang tepat adalah them self karena pronouns

16.    It was him who came running into the classroom with the news.

A         B   C               D

Jawaban : B he karena pronouns

17.    If crisis would occur, those unfamiliar with the procedures would not know how to handle the situation.

A                    B                                C                                                D

Jawaban : A occurred karena kalau ada if tidak boleh diikuti would

18.    Anybody who plans to attend the meeting ought send a short note to the chairperson.

      A            B                               C                                   D

Jawaban : C ought to send karena modals

19.    Louise is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play.

A                     B                               C                       D

Jawaban : A Karena seharusnya the most

20.    Despite his smiling face, the second-place contestant is more sadder than the winner.

    A            B                                C                                       D

Jawaban : D Karena kata perbandingan sadder tidak memerlukan kata more.

21.    It has been a long time since we have talked, isn’t it?

                  A              B            C                           D

Jawaban : D hasn’it karena queston tag

22.    He is the only candidate who the faculty members voted not to retain on the list of eligible replacement

                           A                            B                                              C                           D

fot Professor Kate.

Jawaban : B whom karena relative clause

NAMA :PANGGI EKO PRASETIYO

NPM : 15212636

KELAS : 4EA20